What type of egg fertilization involves the female laying eggs into the water column?

The type of fertilization where the female lays eggs into the water column is known as external fertilization. In external fertilization, the female releases eggs into the environment, typically water, where they are then fertilized by the male's sperm. This method is common among many aquatic species, including fish and amphibians, as it allows for a large number of eggs to be fertilized simultaneously, increasing the chances of survival for the offspring.

In contrast, internal fertilization involves the male fertilizing the eggs within the female's body before they are laid. Simultaneous fertilization refers to a reproductive strategy where both male and female release gametes at the same time, but this term is less commonly used than external or internal fertilization.

Understanding these different fertilization methods is important in aquaculture, as it influences breeding practices and the management of breeding stock.