What is the common term used for the practice of breeding fish in controlled environments?

The practice of breeding fish in controlled environments is commonly referred to as aquaculture. This term encompasses the cultivation of various aquatic organisms, including fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic plants, in environments where their growth and reproduction can be managed. Aquaculture is a crucial practice for food production, conservation, and restoring fish populations, and it plays a significant role in meeting the growing demand for seafood worldwide.

The other terms mentioned do not specifically denote the controlled breeding of fish. "Farming" is a broader term that typically refers to the agricultural production of crops or livestock on land. "Cultivation" generally applies to the growing of plants and may not be directly associated with aquatic organisms. "Fishing," on the other hand, refers to the harvesting of wild fish from their natural habitats, which is fundamentally different from the controlled breeding and raising of fish within aquaculture systems.